Ää Ëë Ḧḧ Ï ï N̈n̈ Öö T̈ẗ Üü Ẅẅ Ẍẍ Ÿÿ Ä ä Ǟ ǟ Ë ë Ḧ ḧ Ï ï Ḯ ḯ M̈ m̈ Ö ö Ȫ ȫ Ṏ ṏ P̈ p̈ T̈ ẗ Ü ü Ǖ ǖ Ǘ ǘ Ǚ ǚ Ǜ ǜ Ṳ ṳ Ṻ ṻ V̈ v̈ Ẅ ẅ Ẍ ẍ Ÿ ÿ Ő ő Ű ű short a e i o ö u ü long á é í ó ő ú ű a, à /a/ patte, arable, là /ɑ/ araser, base ai /ɛ/ /e/ caisse, faite baisser, aiguille aie /ɛ/ baie aou /u/ saoul, Août au /o/ haut, augure /ɔ/ sauropode ay /ei/ pays e non-finally /e/ essence /ɛ/ /ə/ est, estival repeser /a/ solennel finally Ø caisse, unique /ə/ que é, ée /e/ clé, échapper, idée è /ɛ/ relève, zèle eau /o/ eau, oiseaux ei /ɛ/ neige, reine eu /ø/ ceux, peu /œ/ jeune i elsewhere /i/ ici, proscrire before vowel /j/ fief, ionique, rien -ie /i/ régie o /ɔ/ opter, offre œ /œ/ œil /e/ œsophage œu /œ/ sœur, cœur oi, oie /wa/ roi, oiseau, foie /ɔ/ oignon ou elsewhere /u/ ouvrir, sous before vowel /w/ ouest, couiner, oui -oue /u/ roue oy /waj/ moyen, royaume u elsewhere /y/ tu, juge before vowel /ɥ/ huit, tuer -ue /y/ rue y /i/ cyclone, style -ps, -ts, etc. Ø draps, achats b, bb elsewhere /b/ ballon, abbé next to voiceless consonant /p/ absolu ç /s/ ça, garçon c before e, i, y /s/ cyclone, loquace, accès elsewhere /k/ cabas, crasse, accord, lac Ø tabac cc before e, i, y /ks/ accès elsewhere /k/ accord ch /ʃ/ chat, douche /k/ chaotique, chlore cqu /k/ acquit, acquéreur d, dd non-finally /d/ doux, adresse, addition finally Ø pied, accord f, ff /f/ fait, affoler g, gg before e, i, y /ʒ/ gens, manger, suggérer elsewhere /ɡ/ gain, glacier, aggravé gn /ɲ/ montagne, agneau h Ø habite, hiver j /ʒ/ joue, jeter l, ll non-finally /l/ lait, allier finally Ø fusil, m, mm /m/ mou, pomme n, nn /n/ nouvel, panne ng /ŋ/ parking, camping p, pp non-finally /p/ pain, appel finally Ø corp, trop ph /f/ téléphone, photo r, rr /ʁ/ rat, barre s initially or next to a voiceless consonant /s/ sacre, estime medially elsewhere /z/ rose, paysage finally Ø dans, repas sc before e, i, y /s/ science elsewhere /sk/ script ss /s/ baisser, passer t, tt non-finally /t/ tout, attente finally Ø tant, raffut /t/ est (direction) th /t/ thème, thermique v /v/ ville, vanne x next to a voiceless consonant /ks/ expansion medially elsewhere /ɡz/ exigence, exulter /s/ /z/ soixante deuxième finally Ø paix, deux /s/ six, dix xc before e, i, y /ks/ exciter elsewhere /ksk/ excavation y /j/ yeux, yole z non-finally /z/ zain, gazette finally Ø chez /z/ gaz Spelling Major value (IPA) Examples of major value Minor values (IPA) Examples of minor value Exceptions aim, ain (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ faim, saint, bains am, an, ang (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ ambiance, France, sang aon (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ paon ein (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ plein, vin, vingt em, en (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ embaucher, vent -er /e/ aller, transporter /ɛʁ/ hiver -es Ø Nantes, faites ge /ʒ/ geai, mangea gu /ɡ/ guerre ien (before consonant or finally) /jɛ̃/ rien, chien -il (after vowel) /j/ ail, conseil -il (not after vowel) /il/ il, fil /i/ outil, fils, fusil -ill- (after vowel) /j/ paille, nouille -ill- (not after vowel) /ij/ grillage, bille /il/ million, village, ville im, in, ing (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ importer, vin, vingt oin, oing (before consonant or finally) /wɛ̃/ point, poing om, on (before consonant or finally) /ɔ̃/ ombre, bon qu /k/ quand, pourquoi um, un (before consonant or finally) /œ̃/ parfum, brun ym, yn (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ sympa, syndrome